Compare Turks and Caicos Islands (2008) - Cameroon (2008)

Compare Turks and Caicos Islands (2008) z Cameroon (2008)

	Turks and Caicos Islands (2008)	Cameroon (2008)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK)	10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest
Age structure	0-14 years: 31.3% (male 3,466/female 3,345) 15-64 years: 64.8% (male 7,398/female 6,690) 65 years and over: 3.9% (male 394/female 453) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 41.3% (male 3,763,332/female 3,695,053) 15-64 years: 55.5% (male 5,029,658/female 4,994,786) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 266,616/female 310,937) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish	coffee, cocoa, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, root starches; livestock; timber
Airports	8 (2007)	45 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	total: 11 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	total: 34 1,524 to 2,437 m: 6 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 8 (2007)
Area	total: 430 sq km land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Area - comparative	2.5 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly larger than California
Background	The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands remain a British overseas territory.	The former French Cameroon and part of British Cameroon merged in 1961 to form the present country. Cameroon has generally enjoyed stability, which has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, and railways, as well as a petroleum industry. Despite a slow movement toward democratic reform, political power remains firmly in the hands of President Paul BIYA.
Birth rate	21.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	35.07 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $47 million expenditures: $33.6 million (1997-98 est.)	revenues: $4.14 billion expenditures: $3.3 billion (2007 est.)
Capital	name: Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) geographic coordinates: 21 28 N, 71 08 W time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in April; ends last Sunday in October	name: Yaounde geographic coordinates: 3 52 N, 11 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate	tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry	varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Coastline	389 km	402 km
Constitution	Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution Order 2006 (effective 9 August 2006)	20 May 1972 approved by referendum, adopted 2 June 1972; revised January 1996
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands abbreviation: TCI	conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon local long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon former: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon
Death rate	4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	12.66 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$2.449 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Janet E. GARVEY embassy: Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaounde mailing address: P. O. Box 817, Yaounde; pouch: American Embassy, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2520 telephone: [237] 2220 15 00; Consular: [237] 2220 16 03 FAX: [237] 2220 16 00 Ext. 4531; Consular FAX: [237] 2220 17 52 branch office(s): Douala
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	chief of mission: Ambassador Jerome MENDOUGA chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790 FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826
Disputes - international	have received Haitians fleeing economic and civil disorder	Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian control within two years while resolving patriation issues; implementation of the ICJ ruling on the Cameroon-Equatorial Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea is pending due to imprecisely defined coordinates and a sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Economic aid - recipient	$4.1 million (1997)	$413.8 million in January 2001, the Paris Club agreed to reduce Cameroon's debt of $1.3 billion by $900 million; debt relief now totals $1.26 billion (2005)
Economy - overview	The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, offshore financial services, and fishing. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than three-quarters of the 175,000 visitors that arrived in 2004. Major sources of government revenue also include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts.	Because of its modest oil resources and favorable agricultural conditions, Cameroon has one of the best-endowed primary commodity economies in sub-Saharan Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as a top-heavy civil service and a generally unfavorable climate for business enterprise. Since 1990, the government has embarked on various IMF and World Bank programs designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture, improve trade, and recapitalize the nation's banks. In June 2000, the government completed an IMF-sponsored, three-year structural adjustment program; however, the IMF is pressing for more reforms, including increased budget transparency, privatization, and poverty reduction programs. International oil and cocoa prices have a significant impact on the economy.
Electricity - consumption	10.76 million kWh (2005)	3.435 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	11.57 million kWh (2005)	4.09 billion kWh (2005)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Blue Hills 49 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Fako 4,095 m (on Mt. Cameroon)
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater	waterborne diseases are prevalent; deforestation; overgrazing; desertification; poaching; overfishing
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	black 90%, mixed, European, or North American 10%	Cameroon Highlanders 31%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 493.51 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Richard TAUWHARE (since 11 July 2005) head of government: Premier Michael Eugene MISICK (since 15 August 2003); note - the office of premier was created in the 2006 constitution cabinet: Cabinet consists of the governor, the premier, six ministers appointed by the governor from among the members of the House of Assembly, and the attorney general elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed premier by the governor	chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982) head of government: Prime Minister Ephraim INONI (since 8 December 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from proposals submitted by the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 October 2004 (next to be held by October 2011); prime minister appointed by the president election results: President Paul BIYA reelected; percent of vote - Paul BIYA 70.9%, John FRU NDI 17.4%, Adamou Ndam NJOYA 4.5%, Garga Haman ADJI 3.7%
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	107,400 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities	lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells	crude oil and petroleum products, lumber, cocoa beans, aluminum, coffee, cotton
Exports - partners	US, UK (2006)	Spain 21.4%, Italy 15.4%, France 11.6%, South Korea 7.3%, Netherlands 7.2%, US 5.7%, Belgium 4.2% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus	three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band note: uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 44.3% industry: 15.9% services: 39.8% (2007 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.9% (2000 est.)	3.2% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates	21 45 N, 71 35 W	6 00 N, 12 00 E
Geography - note	about 40 islands (eight inhabited)	sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: 2.3% highest 10%: 35.4% (2001)
Illicit drugs	transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe	-
Imports	83.55 bbl/day (2004)	63,710 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities	food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials	machinery, electrical equipment, transport equipment, fuel, food
Imports - partners	US, UK (2006)	France 23.6%, Nigeria 13.2%, China 7.2%, Belgium 6.1%, US 4.5% (2006)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	3.5% (2007 est.)
Industries	tourism, offshore financial services	petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair
Infant mortality rate	total: 14.7 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17 deaths/1,000 live births female: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	total: 65.84 deaths/1,000 live births male: 70.73 deaths/1,000 live births female: 60.79 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4% (1995)	2% (2007 est.)
International organization participation	Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau), UPU	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land	NA	260 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal	Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president); High Court of Justice (consists of nine judges and six substitute judges, elected by the National Assembly)
Labor force	4,848 (1990 est.)	6.68 million (2007 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	note: about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services	agriculture: 70% industry: 13% services: 17% (2001 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 4,591 km border countries: Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Republic of the Congo 523 km, Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km
Land use	arable land: 2.33% permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (2005)	arable land: 12.54% permanent crops: 2.52% other: 84.94% (2005)
Languages	English (official)	24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)
Legal system	based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas	based on French civil law system, with common law influence; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Assembly (21 seats of which 15 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 9 February 2007 (next to be held in 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - PNP 60%, PDM 40%; seats by party - PNP 13, PDM 2	unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the president can either lengthen or shorten the term of the legislature elections: last held 22 July 2007 (next to be held in 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - RDCP 140, SDF 14, UDC 4, UNDP 4, MP 1, vacant 17; note - vacant seats will be determined in a yet to be scheduled by-election after the Supreme Court nullified results in five districts note: the constitution calls for an upper chamber for the legislature, to be called a Senate, but it has yet to be established
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 74.95 years male: 72.69 years female: 77.32 years (2007 est.)	total population: 52.86 years male: 52.15 years female: 53.59 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 67.9% male: 77% female: 59.8% (2001 est.)
Location	Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm
Merchant marine	registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2007)	total: 1 ship (1000 GRT or over) 38,613 GRT/68,820 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 1 foreign-owned: 1 (France 1) (2007)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Cameroon Armed Forces: Army, Navy (includes naval infantry), Air Force (Armee de l'Air du Cameroun, AAC) (2008)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.3% (2006)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 30 August (1976)	Republic Day (National Day), 20 May (1972)
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: Cameroonian(s) adjective: Cameroonian
Natural hazards	frequent hurricanes	volcanic activity with periodic releases of poisonous gases from Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun volcanoes
Natural resources	spiny lobster, conch	petroleum, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower
Net migration rate	9.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
People - note	destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, The Bahamas, and the US	-
Pipelines	-	gas 27 km; liquid petroleum gas 5 km; oil 1,110 km (2007)
Political parties and leaders	People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Floyd SEYMOUR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]	Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]; Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or RDPC [Paul BIYA]; Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]; Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]; National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]; Progressive Movement or MP; Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]; Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Augustin Frederic KODOCK]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Southern Cameroon National Council [Ayamba Ette OTUN]; Human Rights Defense Group [Albert MUKONG, president]
Population	21,746 (July 2007 est.)	18,060,382 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	48% (2000 est.)
Population growth rate	2.722% (2007 est.)	2.241% (2007 est.)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 7, shortwave 0 (2003)	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 3 (2001)
Railways	-	total: 987 km narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions	Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)	indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.036 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.106 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female total population: 1.073 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.018 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.007 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.857 male(s)/female total population: 1.007 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	20 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available international: country code - 1-649; the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber optic telecommunications submarine cable provides connectivity to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: fixed-line connections stand at less than 1 per 100 persons; equipment is old and outdated, and connections with many parts of the country are unreliable; mobile-cellular usage, in part a reflection of the poor condition and general inadequacy of the fixed-line network, has been increasing steadily and currently stands at 14 per 100 persons domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and Asia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2007)
Telephones - main lines in use	5,700 (2002)	100,300 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,700 (1999)	2.253 million (2005)
Television broadcast stations	0 (broadcasts received from The Bahamas; 2 cable television networks) (2003)	1 (2001)
Terrain	low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps	diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Total fertility rate	3.02 children born/woman (2007 est.)	4.49 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	10% (1997 est.)	30% (2001 est.)
Waterways	-	navigation mainly on Benue River; limited during rainy season (2005)

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